Crude oil desalting emulsion sodium chloride free 30. Devlin jones is the author of crude oil desalting 3. Recovering, desalting, and transporting heavy crude oils. In order to overcome the shortcomings of electrical desalting system, such as larger equipment. Designing and testing a chemical demulsifier dosage. Learn how a crude oil desalter functions and operates from an experienced engineer who has worked in design, operations and chemicals. Event registration software powered by event registration pro. Fundamentals of petroleum refining 1st edition elsevier. Salt content in desalted crude oil should be less than one. Petroleum downstream crash course 6 desalting youtube. A desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil.
The water dissolves salt crystals and the mixing distributes the salts into the water, uniformly producing very tiny droplets. Standard test method for salts in crude oil electrometric. The first oil refinery unit is crude oil desalting. Desalting of crude oil is an essential part of the refinery operation. Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning catalysts in processing units. The fractions recovered from the atmospheric distillation tower include naphtha, kerosene, diesel and bottoms liquid called atmospheric resid.
Desalting plants are often installed in crude oil production units in order to remove watersoluble salts from an oil stream. The amount of water, salts and sediment in the crude oil as received at. This book is the definitive source on oil and gas processing. High oil content in the desalter effluent water can cause environmental constraints. The dewatering and desalting of crude oil becomes more difficult when we talk about heavy crude oil from api 19 and higher densities.
And youll be takenstepbystepthrough several ways to trade crude oil including buying crude oil stocks, crude oil options, and crude oil futures. Excessive amounts of chloride salts in crude oil result in higher corrosion rates in refining units and have a detrimental effect on catalysts. Clean dilution or wash water is injected into the crude oil feed to the desalter through a mixing device to dilute the brine to a level where the target salt content can be achieved by the downstream dehydration unit. A crude oil desalter is a device used in petroleum refineries to remove. American petroleum institute api gravity api rp brine btuhr burner calculations centrifugal pump chapter chemical coalescence coefficient combustion component compressor condensate control valve corrosion crude oil dehydration demulsifiers density desalting dew point diameter dilution water discussed droplets efficiency electrical electrostatic emulsion energy engineering enthalpy equation equipment estimate factor feed field fired heaters firetube flame flare flow rate fluid fraction fts.
Influence of key parameters on crude oil desalting. By reading this presentation, the reader agrees not to disclose any information contained in the presentation without the prio. Pdf gpsa engineering data book download ebook for free. Opportunity crudes, with emulsions that are difficult to resolve, can also.
Desalting, the removal of formation water from oil, is a vital process in crude oil recovery. Desalters remove salts to reduce corrosion severity and dehydrate the crude to reduce fouling of exchangers coking of furnaces and allow longer runs of crude distillation units. Pretreatment of heavy crude oils for refining intechopen. Hence desalting of crude oil world has over 3 trillion bbl heavy crude oil reserves. Introduction when the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil. A code will be given to you when you check into the hotel for logging on to the internet.
In the case of waterincrudeoil emulsions, a balanced optimum formulation is. Youll learn about the key factors that drive the price of crude oil. The salt content of the crude measured in pounds per thousand barrels can be as high as 2000. There are many significant variables to control in the crude oil production process. Electrical desalter is an effective method in crude oil desalting. A comprehensive guide to understanding and operating a modern crude oil desalter. Desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil cleanup. Crude desalting article about crude desalting by the free dictionary. Chapter 1 introduces the topic of crude oil fouling and starts with a. Select chapter 5 catalytic reforming and isomerization book chapter full text access. I have done a test to determine the value of chloride for crude oil entering desalter using mercury nitrate titration method. Step 2 most typical methods of crudeoil desalting are chemical. Non standard tests for predict impact of crude oil quality.
The book was prepared by a summarized combination of the most proper books in oil and gas processing with excessive illustration and explanation. Understanding the process of crude oil desalting desalters. Larry kremer, baker petrolite crude oil quality group may 29, 2003 this presentation contains the proprietary information of baker petrolite corporation. Besides offering authoritative information, business intelligence and quality analyses to professionals and. The desalting process derives its name from the fact that soluble salts in the crude oil enter the aqueous phase and are easily removed by phase separation in the desalter.
Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and. Oil desalting systems provide protection to capital intensive processing equipment by removing the salt component from crude oil. Crude oil treating systems introduction conditioning of oilfield crude oils for pipeline quality has been complicated by water produced with the oil. The immediate product extracted from oil and gas wells consists of mixtures of oil, gas, and water that is difficult to transport, requiring a certain amount of field processing. The washing of crude oil with water in order to remove materials such as dirt, silt, and watersoluble minerals explanation of crude desalting. Desalting techniques are well established, but continuous monitoring of the salt content is needed for process control and cost reduction. Increasing investment for upgradation and expansion of refineries mainly in china and india will positively encourage the crude oil desalter and electrostatic. Although distillation is usually known as the first process in petroleum refineries, in many cases, desalting should take place before distillation figure 3. Desalting involves mixing heated crude oil with washing water, using a mixing valve or static mixers to ensure a proper contact between the crude oil and the water, and then passing it to a separating vessel, where a proper separation between the aqueous and organic phases is achieved. Crude oil fouling is a longstanding problem in oil refineries that impacts operations, energy efficiency, and costs and has severe environmental and health and safety implications. Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting. The aim of this paper is to present an artificial neural network ann controller trained on a historical data set that covers a wide operating range of the fundamental parameters that affect the demulsifier dosage in a crude oil desalting process. Crude oil oilfield processing of petroleum volume 1.
As part of the agencys current investigation of residuals from petroleum refining, the agency conducted engineering site visits at 20 refineries to gain an understanding of the present. The desalting software programs can assist refineries wishing to turn economically priced opportunity crude oils that exhibit lower api gravity, are more sulfurous and have higher basic sediments and solids that can be filtered into something that will not inhibit performance. Pdf oil produced in most oil fields is accompanied by water in the form of an emulsion that must be treated. Crude oil treating and oil desalting systems on globalspec. In this book, youll learn how the crude oil market works and how crude oil differs from other commodities. Purchase fundamentals of petroleum refining 1st edition. Crude oil desalting water washing water is mixed with the incoming crude oil through a mixing valve. When the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil. Introduction the process of removing watersoluble salts from an oil stream is called oil desalting. This reference analyzes principles and procedures related to the processing of reservoir fluids for the separation, handling, treatment, and production of quality petroleum oil and gas products. Salt and water content specifications are even more rigid because of their negative effect in downstream processes due to corrosion, and catalyst deactivation. These contaminants need to be removed to refine the oil into a finished product.
The desalter removes salt, water and other contaminants from crude oil prior to distillation in an atmospheric tower. The majority of the produced salt water is removed by separation and the oil treating process dehydration. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining. The impact of desalting opportunity crudes on corrosion.
Crude oil desalterdehydration howebaker international. This course provides participants with knowledge necessary to understand that the desalting operation is one. William bill finch x bill finch is a passionate operations leader for onshore oilfield, gas plant, and pipeline operations. Thus, any reduction in demulsifier concentration in crude oil desalting would. Demulsifying agents are added at this stage to aid in breaking the emulsion by. He is driven to deliver results through an action bias, is committed to safety, and strongly believes in engineering and leadership.
The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil, not in the crude oil itself. The salt content after the desalter is usually measured in ptb pounds of salt per thousand barrels of crude oil. Crude oil contains many contaminants, such as inorganic salts, sand, drilling mud, suspended solids, polymer, corrosion byproducts, and more. The desalting handbook for planners was originally published in 1972 by the department of the interior, office of saline water osw, which is no longer in existence. All new material on fluid flow, long pipe, fractionators, separators and accumulators, cooling towers, gas treating, blending, troubleshooting field cases, gas solubility, and density of irregular solids. Which methods are correct to determine salt content in ptb pounds per thousand barrel.
Download the most complete guide of its kind, this is the standard handbook for chemical and process engineers. Global crude oil desalter and electrostatic dehydrator market size is anticipated to witness significant growth owing to rising demand for crude oil. Flexibility in desalting operations for opportunity crudes. An optimum formulation concept is presented to describe emulsion. The designed controller was tested and implemented on. Perfecting the desalting operations is the back bone of all corrosion reduction programs of the refinery. The basics of the book is gpsa engineering data book, surface production facilities, surface petroleum operations book, johncample technical books, api reference standards, and others. Nearly all crude oil contains entrained water, which always contains dissolved salts, specifically sodium chloride. Crude desalting article about crude desalting by the. It comprises adding to the wash water or the crude oil upstream of the desalter a sufficient amount for the purpose of a composition comprising an organic amine with a pkb of from 2 to 6 and in which 1 to 18 carbon atoms are present per nitrogen atom and potassium hydroxide, the composition being mixed with the crude oil in the desalter to. It also describes the product slate from the crude distillation unit atmospheric and vacuum distillation. All of the different facets of desalter operation is discussed giving the reader the ability to understand and operate a desalter with confidence.